REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UNDER THE EU AI ACT: LEGAL OBLIGATIONS, ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

KODRA, Heldi (2026) REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UNDER THE EU AI ACT: LEGAL OBLIGATIONS, ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FROM RESEARCH TO APPLICATION”, 18-19 November, 2026.

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Abstract

This article examined the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) as a legal framework for the governance of artificial intelligence and assessed its implications for regulatory accountability, fundamental rights and innovation. Using a doctrinal and analytical approach, the study reviewed the legislative background of the Act, its risk-based classification of AI systems, the obligations imposed on providers and deployers, and the institutional arrangements for supervision and enforcement. Particular attention was paid to prohibited practices, high-risk systems, general-purpose AI models and transparency duties. The analysis also considered the staged application of the Act and the implementation timetable as amended in 2026, together with the preliminary-reference proceedings in Case C-806/24 concerning automated decision-making and the right to explanation. The findings indicated that the Act establishes an important common regulatory baseline while leaving significant challenges relating to implementation capacity, consistent enforcement and the relationship between regulatory duties and civil liability. The discussion further highlighted the need to distinguish systemic- risk obligations for general-purpose models from the classification of individual high-risk AI systems. The article concluded that effective AI governance requires proportionate supervision, legal clarity and continuing adaptation to technological change, without sacrificing the protection of fundamental rights or the conditions for responsible innovation.

Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Subjects: K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences > School of Law
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email zshi@unite.edu.mk
Date Deposited: 11 Nov 2026 12:19
Last Modified: 11 Nov 2026 12:19
URI: http://eprints.unite.edu.mk/id/eprint/2728

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